How about collages of portions of copyrighted publications or other works--is permission from the copyright owner of each work used necessary?
ANSWER
It depends on whether there is a copying and, if so, whether the copying is a fair use. Directly attaching clipped out portions of the copyrighted work is not copying, thus doing so is generally not considered a copyright violation.
However, if a photograph or some other copy is made of the collage, then the question is whether this photograph is a fair use of the original works. If the collage is put on public display, it may constitute a violation of the exclusive right of the copyright owners in the individual collage works to publicly display their works.
True, we have discussed an exception which states that the owner of a copy may publicly display that copy without the permission of the copyright owner. However, this exception only applies to authorized copies. Taking a photograph of a copyrighted work without the copyright owner's permission constitutes unauthorized copying.
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